The bipartisan amendment, proposed by Rep. Ted Lieu, D-Calif., to the 2024 defense policy bill, calls for the implementation of a system that guarantees "meaningful human control" over nuclear weapon launches.
The amendment defines human control as the final say in selecting and engaging targets, including the timing, location, and method of attack.
Senior military leaders have already expressed their commitment to human control over AI. In April, AI advisers at U.S. Central Command stated that while AI can be used to assess data and provide options for military leaders, the ultimate decision-making authority should rest with humans when it comes to tactical military actions.
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The growing bipartisan support for Lieu's amendment reflects lawmakers' increasing concerns about the potential for AI to act independently and make decisions based solely on its rapid assessment of a situation.
Lieu's amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) has garnered support from GOP lawmakers Juan Ciscomani of Arizona and Zachary Nunn of Iowa, as well as Democrats Chrissy Houlahan of Pennsylvania, Seth Moulton of Massachusetts, Rashida Tlaib of Michigan, and Don Beyer of Virginia.
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The House Republicans are expected to begin the process of selecting which of the more than 1,300 proposed amendments to the NDAA will be voted on in the coming week.
Lieu's proposal is not the only AI-related amendment to the bill, indicating that Congress is likely to address the issue of AI regulation incrementally rather than through comprehensive legislation.
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Rep. Stephen Lynch, D-Mass., has proposed a similar amendment to the NDAA that would require the Department of Defense to adhere to the Biden administration's guidance on the responsible military use of AI and autonomy.
The guidance emphasizes the importance of maintaining human control and involvement in decisions related to nuclear weapons employment, as well as implementing safeguards to mitigate risks.
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While some amendments aim to regulate AI, others seek to promote its development. Rep. Josh Gottheimer, D-N.J., has proposed the establishment of a U.S.-Israel Artificial Intelligence Center for joint research on AI and machine learning with military applications.
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Another amendment, put forward by Rep. Rob Wittman, R-Va., calls for the Pentagon to develop a process for testing and evaluating large language models, such as ChatGPT, to assess their factual accuracy and potential biases.
The House Armed Services Committee has already included language in the bill that requires the Pentagon to establish a process for the responsible development and use of AI, as well as studying the potential use of autonomous systems to enhance military efficiency.
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