Under the initiative, immigration courts in 10 cities will generally issue decisions within 300 days of arrival.
The plan will bother Republicans who have linked an increase in arrivals with a relaxing of immigration policies and increased concerns among advocates for immigrants that they might not be satisfied with due process.
'Families arriving at the border who are placed in immigration proceedings should have their cases decided in an orderly, efficient, and fair manner,' announced Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas.
'Families who have recently arrived should not languish in a multi-year backlog; today's announcement is an important step for both justice and border security.'
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Under the joint Department of Justice and Homeland Security plan, families stopped on the border beginning Friday could be put in expedited proceedings directed at deciding whether they can stay in the United States.
Judges would generally resolve these cases within 300 days of an opening hearing in cities including New York, Los Angeles and border communities such as El Paso, Texas, and San Diego.
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It isn't the first time U.S. officials have tried to promote the cases of families appearing on the southwest border.
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The Trump and Obama administrations beforehand created dockets directed at quickly resolving these cases in the courts, which are notoriously backlogged and can take years to settle cases.
The news comes as President Joe Biden is under increasing weight to lift pandemic-related limitations on seeking asylum at the border that were established by the Trump administration in March 2020.
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Under the rules, citizens of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador are typically dismissed to Mexico within two hours without any chance to seek asylum or other humanitarian protections.
Biden exempted unaccompanied children though about one of every three people who arrive in families are still subject to them, as is almost every single adult.
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Last week, the administration took measures to ease the rules and agreed to ultimately allow 250 people a day through border crossings to seek refuge in the United States.
Though immigrant advocates explained that creating dockets to speed asylum seekers through the courts isn't right and in the past has made delays for other migrants already waiting years for their cases to be heard.
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Eleanor Acer, senior director for refugee protection at Human Rights First, claimed that the Biden administration should roll back Trump administration standards that make it hard for Central American migrants fleeing violence to qualify for humanitarian protection in the United States.
'U.S. asylum proceedings cannot be considered fair when the Biden administration continues to blatantly violate U.S. refugee laws and treaties,' she said in a statement.
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