Who Wrote The Bible & How Much Of It Can Be Proven?

Written By BlabberBuzz | Wednesday, 16 February 2022 04:45 PM
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The Bible was written over a period of 1,500 years, and there is a variety of authors and styles of literature. Even though it is a complex book, it has served as a unified body of work.

The Bible is our comprehensible way to understand the story of God's work. While the age of the Bible is a question that requires a certain extent of elaboration, this understanding of how the Scriptures came to be. Each part of the scripture is reflective of what's going on in that point of History.

The Bible is the most frequently printed and purchased book in the history of the world. It is commonly known to be full of great wisdom and teaching, and pretty much everyone knows that it is very old.

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The question then becomes exactly how old is the Bible? The answer to that isn't exactly easy the Bible was written over a multitude of years so pinpointing the exact date of its creation is often difficult. We can date the different versions of the Bible but that's not exactly the same.

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The Bible was not written as one volume but is a compilation of texts written over the course of over one thousand years and was not assembled into its current form until hundreds of years after the writing of its most recent text.

There are three general stages of the writing of the Bible: the Pentateuch, the Prophets and Writings, and the New Testament.

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1. The Pentateuch & Older Books of the Bible The oldest books of the Bible are the Pentateuch: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books were all composed around the year 1400 B.C.

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According to textual and other scriptural evidence, the consensus is that these books were all originally written by Moses, and possibly edited by later scribes, priests, and/or redactors.

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Other books of the Bible that were written very early are Joshua, some of the Psalms, and Job. The book of Job is an interesting case because it is an anonymous work, and no one knows for sure when it was written.

It is often traditionally accepted Job is the first book of the Bible to be written. There are countless theories based on the themes and there are many theological assumptions made by the author. Following the writing of Joshua, there is a gap of approximately 400 years during which no books of the Bible were written.

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The Pentateuch and Other Older Books from the NIV Study Bible:

-Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers Deuteronomy: written mostly by Moses between 1446 and 1406 BC -Joshua: written around 1390 BC, most likely by Joshua himself and possibly edited later by Samuel or another editor (we know the final section including Joshua’s funeral is attributed to Eleazar, son of Aaron) -Psalms: written between the time of Moses (around 1440 BC) and the time following the Babylonian exile (after 535 BC); recorded authors are: David, Asaph, the Sons of Korah, Solomon, Heman, Ethan, Moses, and a few unknown. -Job: author and date are unknown, though Job likely lived during the patriarchal period

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2. The Prophets and Writings This part of the Bible took over 600 years to complete. It is considered a phase because there are practically no gaps in the writing.

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The lifetimes of the prophets follow each other and only leave gaps of decades. all the rest of the gaps are very small the longest one is considered to be approximately 100 years.

The books in this phase contain everything from Judges onward. The books written towards the beginning of this time period include Ruth, Proverbs, Samuel, and Ecclesiastes.

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Many of the earlier books in this phase are historical books and wisdom literature, but the vast majority of these books are prophetic literature. The era of the prophets is a key historical time period in Israel’s history, as God spoke directly through His people through these select people.

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Because there is no gas in the writing this is considered a solid history of God's people. The later books in this phase of biblical writing include prophets such as Zechariah and Malachi, as well as historical writings such as Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther.

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Next there was a 400-year period where there was no word from God. This is known as the intertestamental period, and for many, there are scriptural books written in this period. Books such as 1 and 2 Maccabees were written in this period, and they and others are included in the Apocrypha.

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This four-hundred-year period marked the time leading up to the coming of Jesus, dramatically ending the era of God’s silence, and bringing God’s presence to Earth in amazing and unprecedented ways.

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The History, Poetry, and Prophet Sections from the NIV Study Bible: Historical Books

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-Ruth: written after 1010 BC when David became king, unknown author

-Samuel (I & II): written after Israel was divided into two kingdoms around 930 BC, author unknown -Judges: written around 1000 BC, unknown author though some sections may derive from Samuel -Kings (I & II): written around 550 BC during the Babylonian exile, author unknown

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-Esther: written after 460 BC, author unknown -Chronicles (I & II): written between 450-400 BC, unknown author possibly Ezra -Ezra: written after 440 BC, most likely authored by Ezra -Nehemiah: written after 430 BC, probably by Ezra

The Books of Poetry (Job and the Psalms are included in this classification) -Proverbs: primarily written during Solomon’s reign (970-930 BC) by Solomon and otherwise writers. -Ecclesiastes: unknown date but possibly as early as the 10th century BC, possibly by Solomon -Song of Songs: unknown date but possibly as early as the 10th century BC, tradition ascribes authorship to Solomon

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The Prophets *Major Prophets -Isaiah: written between 740 and 680 BC by Isaiah -Jeremiah: written between 626 and 586 BC by Jeremiah -Lamentations: written shortly after the fall of Jerusalem in 586 BC, probably by Jeremiah

-Ezekiel: written between 593-571 BC by Ezekiel -Daniel: written around 530 BC by Daniel

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*Minor Prophets -Hosea: written after the fall of northern capital Samaria (722-721 BC), probably by Hosea -Joel: written between the late 7th and early 5th centuries by Joel -Amos: written around 760-750 BC by Amos -Jonah: written between 750-725 BC, author unknown -Micah: written between 700-650 BC by Micah

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-Nahum: written shortly before 612 BC by Nahum -Habakkuk: written around 605 BC by Habakkuk -Zephaniah: written between 640-627 BC by Zephaniah -Haggai: written 520 BC by Haggai -Zechariah: written 520-480 BC by Zechariah -Malachi: written around 430 BC by Malachi

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3. The Final Phase: the New Testament The difference between the New Testament compared to the Old is summed up by the author of Hebrews, who writes, “Long ago, in many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, but in these last days, he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom he also created the world” (Heb. 1:1-2).

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While God spoke directly through Moses and the prophets in the Old Testament, he spoke directly to us through his Son. This changed everything in regard to God’s relationship with His people, as well as the nature of scriptural writings.

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When the early Church fathers were deciding which texts should be considered Scripture for the New Testament, one of the necessary factors was that it needed to be written by an apostle, one who walked closely with Christ (such as Matthew) or who was in close relationship with the twelve (such as Luke).

The New Testament texts can be easily divided between the Gospels (and Acts) and the letters. The former focuses on the historical events of the lives of Jesus and the apostles, whereas the latter contain personal letters and teachings written by the apostles themselves.

They were all written in the first century AD, beginning with the Gospel of Mark, and ending with John’s Revelation of Jesus. The book of Revelation was the last book of Scripture to ever be written, and it was likely composed around 90 AD.

With the first books of the Bible being written somewhere around 1400 BC, and Revelation being written around 90 AD, it becomes clear why explaining the age of the Bible is not so straightforward.

The New Testament (Gospels, Letters, and Revelation) from the NIV Study Bible: Gospels -Matthew: written between AD 50-70 by Matthew (also called Levi) -Mark: written between the mid-50s and late 60s AD by John Mark -Luke: written between the 60s-80s AD by Luke -John: written either AD 60s or more likely the 80s or early 90s AD by the apostle John -Acts: written AD 62 or later by Luke

Letters *Letters to Churches or Situations -Romans: written around AD 57 by Paul -Corinthians (I & II): first-letter written AD 55, the second letter is AD 55 or 56, Paul authored both -Galatians: written AD 48 or in the 50s by Paul

-Ephesians: written around AD 60 by Paul -Philippians: written around AD 61 by Paul -Colossians: written around AD 60 by Paul -Thessalonians (I & II): first letter written around AD 51, second letter written around AD 51 or 52, and Paul authored both

*Pastoral Letters -Timothy (I & II): written around AD 64 possibly AD 56 by Paul -Titus: written around AD 63-65 or possibly AD 56 by Paul -Philemon: written around AD 60 by Paul

*General Letters -Hebrews: written around AD 63, author unknown (possibly Apollos or Barnabas) -James: possibly written before AD 50 but certainly before AD 62 by James (half-brother of Jesus and leader of the Jerusalem church) -Peter (I & II): first-letter is written AD 60-64, the second letter is between AD 65-68, both authored by Peter -John (I, II, III): all three letters were written between AD 85-95 and authored by the apostle John -Jude: written between AD 50-80, most likely authored by Jude (half-brother of Jesus)

-Revelation: written around AD 95 by the apostle John, though Revelation is a general letter to seven churches it is also classified as apocalyptic literature.

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