However, Xi Jinping also seized the opportunity to articulate China's goals, seemingly sending a message to the incoming Trump administration.
According to the BBC, a comprehensive summary of the meeting released by Beijing revealed that President Xi emphasized that "a new Cold War should not be fought and cannot be won. Containing China is unwise, unacceptable and bound to fail". Xi Jinping further asserted that a stable relationship between China and the United States is "critical to both parties and the world".
The two leaders convened on the sidelines of the annual Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (Apec) summit in Peru on Saturday, where they recognized the "ups and downs" in relations during Biden's tenure. Xi Jinping, speaking at the meeting held at his hotel in Lima, warned that if the US and China "treat each other as opponents or enemies, engage in vicious competition and mutual harm, China-US relations will suffer setbacks or even regressions".
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He further stated that Beijing's objective of a stable relationship with Washington would remain constant, and he would collaborate with the new US administration "to maintain communication, expand cooperation and manage differences". Biden, on the other hand, cautioned that the strategic competition between the two global powers should not escalate into conflict.
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Both leaders noted progress in reducing tensions on issues such as trade and Taiwan. However, analysts predict that US-China relations could become more unstable when Trump assumes office in two months, influenced by factors such as his promise to increase tariffs on Chinese imports.
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Trump, who labeled Beijing a “strategic competitor” during his first term, has pledged 60% tariffs on all imports from China. He has also appointed notable China hawks to top foreign and defense positions. Relations deteriorated further when he referred to Covid as a “Chinese virus” during the pandemic.
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Despite occasional flare-ups in relations with China during Biden's term, including a spy balloon saga and displays of Chinese military firepower around Taiwan triggered by a senior US official's visit, the Biden administration aimed to "responsibly manage" rivalry with Beijing after Trump's first term.
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Analysts suggest that Beijing is likely most concerned about the president-elect's unpredictability. Bonnie Glaser, managing director of the German Marshall Fund's Indo-Pacific Program, stated, "The Chinese are ready to negotiate and deal, and probably hope for early engagement with the Trump team to discuss potential transactions." She added that China may also be "likely worried that they lack reliable back channels to influence Trump's policy".
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Biden acknowledged on Saturday that there had always been disagreements with Xi but added that discussions between him and the Chinese leader had been "frank" and "candid". The pair held three face-to-face meetings during Biden's time in the White House, including a key summit last year in San Francisco where both sides reached agreements on combatting narcotics and climate change.
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However, Biden's administration also continued Trump-era tariffs, imposing duties in May targeting China's electric cars, solar panels, and steels. He also fortified defense alliances across Asia and the Pacific to counter China's increasing assertiveness in the region. The outgoing president has also stated that the US would defend Taiwan if it were invaded by China. This commitment to defending democratic values and allies in the face of potential aggression is a testament to the conservative principles of limited government and individual freedom.