Sens. Tim Kaine, D-Virginia, Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, Kyrsten Sinema, D-Ariz., and Susan Collins, R-Maine, introduced the bill in response to this summer's Supreme Court decision overturning Roe v. Wade. It meets a dubious future since some Democrats concern it is too conservative and some Republicans fear it allows too much.
The Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision handed rules on abortion back to the states after decades under federal control.
"After the Supreme Court gutted a woman’s right to make personal health care decisions, Congress must restore that right," Kaine said in a statement.
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The bill would stop states from passing laws that put an "undue burden" on women trying to obtain abortions in the pre-viability stage, but provide "reasonable" limits on those in the post-viability stage if they do not put the life or health of the mother at risk.
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The bill does not measure viability or say what would be deemed a hazard to the life and health of the mother, according to The Hill.
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The middle-ground endeavor comes after a Democrat-only bill failed twice on the Senate floor. That bill, titled the Women's Health Protection Act, would have codified Roe v. Wade and expanded abortion access. All 50 Republicans and Democrat Joe Manchin of West Virginia voted against it.
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Since the Dobbs decision, many conservative states have pushed to limit abortion, including motions to complete bans. Some Democrats fear Republicans want to outlaw contraceptives, and the new bill prevents such actions.
“For five decades, reproductive health care decisions were centered with the individual — we cannot go back in time in limiting personal freedoms for women,” Murkowski said in a statement.
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Last month, In a historic and far-reaching decision, the U.S. Supreme Court officially reversed Roe v. Wade, declaring that the constitutional right to abortion, kept for nearly a half century, no longer exists.
Writing for the court majority, Justice Samuel Alito said that the 1973 Roe ruling and repeated subsequent high court decisions reaffirming Roe "must be overruled" because they were "egregiously wrong," the arguments "exceptionally weak" and so "damaging" that they amounted to "an abuse of judicial authority."
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The ruling, which was partly leaked in early May, means that abortion rights will be rolled back in nearly half of the states immediately, with more restrictions likely to follow. For all practical measures, abortion will not be available in large swaths of the country. The conclusion may also mean that the court and the abortion question will become a focal point in the upcoming fall elections and in the fall and thereafter.