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In his book "The Creature from Jekyll Island," Edward Griffin provides a critical perspective on the Federal Reserve System. According to him, the Federal Reserve is not a government agency, despite having the appearance of one. Rather, it is a cartel - a self-regulating group of banks that created their own industry regulations and sent them to Congress to be passed into law under the guise of the Federal Reserve Act. While the Federal Reserve does have the power of government enforcement, its essence is that of a banking cartel, similar to other cartels like those for bananas, oil, or sugar. Griffin argues that this characterization sheds light on the Federal Reserve's motives and actions.